Development of a new instrument to assess the quality of physicians' delivery of bad news / Desenvolvimento de um novo instrumento para avaliar a qualidade da comunicação de más notícias pelos médicos

Abstract: Introduction: Most instruments to assess physicians' delivery of bad news have been developed for patients with cancer and then adapted to other contexts. In clinical practice, some news may not be considered bad by the physicians but may have an important negative impact on the patients' life. Yet, instruments to assess this communication across diverse clinical settings are needed. Objective: To develop, from the patients' perspective, an instrument to assess how physicians deliver bad news in clinical practice. Method: This study was conducted using an exploratory qualitative approach by means of semi-structured, in-depth interviews with 109 patients from two referral hospitals in Brazil. Content analysis was used to generate categories, from which the initial instrument items were developed. The clarity and relevance of the items were evaluated by a committee of 11 medical professionals and 10 patients. Results: The instrument included items about the physicians' attitudes, such as attention, respect, and sincerity, as well as items about sharing information using language that patients could understand. The initial instrument had 19 items, answered in a 5-point Likert scale with labeled endpoints. After evaluation by the committee of judges, 2 items were modified, and 3 were excluded. The final instrument thus had 16 items. Conclusion: A new 16-item instrument was developed from the patients' perspective to assess physicians' delivery of bad news. After additional validation, this instrument may be useful in real and diverse bad news settings in clinical practice.

Resumo: Introdução: A maioria dos instrumentos para avaliar a comunicação de más notícias pelos médicos foi desenvolvida para pacientes com câncer e adaptada a outros contextos. Na prática clínica, muitas notícias podem não ser consideradas tão ruins pelos médicos, mas possuem um impacto importante negativo na vida dos pacientes. Assim, ainda há a necessidade de instrumentos para avaliar essa comunicação nos diversos cenários clínicos. Objetivo: desenvolver, a partir da perspectiva dos pacientes, um instrumento para avaliar como os médicos comunicam más notícias na prática clínica. Método: o estudo foi realizado usando uma abordagem qualitativa exploratória, através de entrevistas semiestruturadas em profundidade com 109 pacientes em dois hospitais de referência no Brasil. A análise de conteúdo foi utilizada para gerar categorias, a partir das quais os itens iniciais do instrumento foram desenvolvidos. A clareza e a relevância dos itens foram avaliadas por um comitê de 11 profissionais médicos e 10 pacientes. Resultados: O instrumento incluiu itens sobre as atitudes dos médicos como atenção, respeito e sinceridade e sobre o compartilhamento de informações compreensíveis na linguagem do paciente. O instrumento inicial foi composto por 19 itens, respondidos em uma escala-Likert de 5 pontos. Após avaliação do comitê de juízes, 2 itens foram modificados e 3 foram excluídos; ficando o instrumento final com 16 itens. Conclusão: um novo instrumento com 16 itens foi desenvolvido a partir da perspectiva dos pacientes para avaliar a comunicação de más notícias pelos médicos. Após validação adicional, este instrumento poderá ser útil em cenários reais e diversos de más notícias da prática clínica.

Visceral leishmaniasis mimicking systemic lupus erythematosus.

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL), or kala-azar, a serious disease resulting from a systemic infection caused by a protozoan of the genus Leishmania, is potentially fatal to humans. According to data from Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (Brazil's Information System for Notifiable Diseases) from 2015 to 2016, 6,489 new cases were recorded in Brazil in 22 of the 27 federative units. In addition to typical clinical findings, VL may be associated with autoimmune phenomena, including simulating systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We present the first case of autochthonous VL mimicking SLE in Santa Catarina in southern Brazil.

Visceral leishmaniasis mimicking systemic lupus erythematosus

Abstract Visceral leishmaniasis (VL), or kala-azar, a serious disease resulting from a systemic infection caused by a protozoan of the genus Leishmania, is potentially fatal to humans. According to data from Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (Brazil's Information System for Notifiable Diseases) from 2015 to 2016, 6,489 new cases were recorded in Brazil in 22 of the 27 federative units. In addition to typical clinical findings, VL may be associated with autoimmune phenomena, including simulating systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We present the first case of autochthonous VL mimicking SLE in Santa Catarina in southern Brazil.

Leptospirosis presenting as ascending progressive leg weakness and complicating with acute pancreatitis

Leptospirosis is a spirochetal bacterial infection of great public health importance. It has a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations which goes from subclinical infection and self-limited anicteric febrile illness (80-90 percent of all cases) to icteric leptospiropirosis known as Weil's disease. This is a severe disease characterized by hemorrhage, acute renal failure and jaundice. It is uncommon for leptospirosis to present itself as a primary neurological disease. Additionally, acute pancreatitis is an unusual gastrointestinal manifestation. We report a case of leptospirosis presenting as ascending progressive leg weakness and complicating with acute pancreatitis in an adult patient treated at Hospital Universitário, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. The diagnosis was confirmed through ELISA-IgM antibody testing positive for leptospirosis. After antibiotic therapy and support treatment for a few weeks, total resolution of severe manifestations was achieved. Rare and unusual presentations of leptospirosis should be kept in mind in relevant epidemiological scenario.

Leptospirosis presenting as ascending progressive leg weakness and complicating with acute pancreatitis.

Leptospirosis is a spirochetal bacterial infection of great public health importance. It has a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations which goes from subclinical infection and self-limited anicteric febrile illness (80-90% of all cases) to icteric leptospiropirosis known as Weil's disease. This is a severe disease characterized by hemorrhage, acute renal failure and jaundice. It is uncommon for leptospirosis to present itself as a primary neurological disease. Additionally, acute pancreatitis is an unusual gastrointestinal manifestation. We report a case of leptospirosis presenting as ascending progressive leg weakness and complicating with acute pancreatitis in an adult patient treated at Hospital Universitário, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. The diagnosis was confirmed through ELISA-IgM antibody testing positive for leptospirosis. After antibiotic therapy and support treatment for a few weeks, total resolution of severe manifestations was achieved. Rare and unusual presentations of leptospirosis should be kept in mind in relevant epidemiological scenario.